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B = B₁ + B₂, ∇×B = μ₀J

dx/dt = σ(y−x), dy/dt = x(ρ−z)−y

dθ/dt = ω + (K/N)Σsin(θⱼ−θᵢ)

x = (R+r·cos(qt))cos(pt)

dz/dt = (μ+iω)z − (1+iβ)|z|²z + εz̄ + κ(z₂−z₁)

P_cr = π²EI / (KL)²

σ = Eε (until σ > σ_y)

F_net = F₁ - F₂ = 0, |F₁| > 0

|x/a|^p + |y/b|^q = 1

∂u/∂t = α·∂²u/∂x²

y(x) = a·cosh((x−c)/a)

H(t−tₙ) = {0, t<tₙ; 1, t≥tₙ}

f(x) = Σ aₙ·e^(−λₙt)·cos(nπx)

A→F[−θA][+θA], 13 levels, θ=35°, r=0.82

h(n) = 0.1 + H·(n/N)^1.3, color(n) = palette[(n/N)^0.65]

SC(attract, kill, step) + nutrient zones

x(t) = x₀ − d·α·t, y(t) = y₀ + H·t

R·eⁱᵗ + r·cos(t/2)·eⁱᵗ

T(t) = T̄ + A·sin(2πt/P + φ)

x(t) = x(t + T), T = 2π/ω

h(t) = Σ Aₙcos(ωₙt + φₙ)

x'' − μ(1−x²)x' + x = 0

r(t) = r₀ + A·sin(ωt + φ)

S(f) = A·δ(f−f₀) + η

y = a(x−h)² + k

η(x) = A₁sin(k₁x + φ₁) + A₂cos(k₂x + φ₂)

I(x) = I₀·e^(−μx)

y_i = β(2,3)·H + ε

y(t) → ∞, ∂y/∂t → 0

Sₙ = (1+εₙ)·λ·Sₙ₋₁

r(θ) = r₀ + εθ + a·sin(3θ)

Σ αₖ·G(x,y;μₖ,σₖ)

dx/dt=αx−βxy, dy/dt=δxy−γy

y=L/(1+e^(−k(t−t₀)))

B=μ₀/(4π)·(3(m·r̂)r̂−m)/r³

r(θ)=r₀·e^(−γθ)

f(t)=A·exp(−(t mod T)/σ)

y(t) = y_eq + (y₀ − y_eq)·e^(−t/τ)·cos(ω_d·t)

r(θ,s) = (1−s)·r_sq(θ) + s·r_circ

dY = μ(Y_flow − Y)·dt + σ(1−t)·dW

k₄ = k₁+k₂+k₃ + 2√(k₁k₂+k₂k₃+k₁k₃)

w = z + a/(z − z₀)

w = R²/z̄

lim_{n→∞} x_n = c, ∇·g = −4πGρ

V(r) = q₁/|r−r₁| + q₂/|r−r₂|

y → c as x → ±∞

r(θ) = R + Σ aₖsin(kθ + φₖ), k ∈ {1,2,3,5,8}

A(t) = A₀·sin(2πt/T)

ψ = A·sin(nπx/L)·sin(nπy/L)

ρ(x,y) = Σ Gₖ(x,y,σₖ)

I(r) = I_corona / r

r(φ) = a(1-e²)/(1+e·cosφ)

I(r) = I₀/r²

ρ(r) ~ Σ G_ij / r

N(>S) ~ S^{-3/2}

h(r,t) = A·cos(kr-ωt)/r

v_i = α·align + β·cohere + γ·separate

h/R ≈ 0.01‰

σ_y(ε) = σ₀ + Kε^n

f(t) = A(1 - e^{-t/τ₁})e^{t/τ₂}, τ₂ > τ₁

x(t) = x_eq + (x₀-x_eq)e^{-t/τ} + overshoot

φ₁(t) - φ₂(t) → 0 as t → ∞

SYN → SYN-ACK → ACK

y₁(t) = αy₂(t-τ) + (1-α)y₁(t-τ)

f(x,y) = sin(x)sin(y) + sin(x)cos(y)

h = ΣAᵢcos(kᵢx−ωᵢt)

f(x,y) = A·sin(ω₁x+φ)·sin(ω₂y+ψ)

x = x₀ + A·sⁿ·sin(ωs)

y = h(1−|s|^p)

f(t) = A₀ · cos(ωt) · e^{-γt}

F = μ₀m₁m₂/(4πr²)

x' = x·f/(f+d), y' = y·f/(f+d)

ψ(r) = -(Γ/2π)·log|r − r₀|

ψ(r) = Σᵢ -(Γᵢ/2π)·log|r − rᵢ|

dr/dt = -∇Φ, Φ ∝ 1/|r − r₀|

T(r) = exp(−r²/σ²)

f(r,θ) = e^(−r²/σ²)·[0.6 + 0.4·cos(kr)ⁿ]

ψ = G_sling(r) + G_held(r_w), r_w = domain_warp(r)

H(r) = Σ Gᵢ(r) · veil(r) + ghost_rings(r)